Voice and Access in AI: Global AI Majority Participation in Artificial Intelligence Development and Governance

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

Paper by Sumaya N. Adan et al: “Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as one of the most transformative technologies in human history, with the potential to profoundly impact all aspects of society globally. However, access to AI and participation in its development and governance is concentrated among a few countries with advanced AI capabilities, while the ‘Global AI Majority’ – defined as the population of countries primarily encompassing Africa, Latin America, South and Southeast Asia, and parts of Eastern Europe – is largely excluded. These regions, while diverse, share common challenges in accessing and influencing advanced AI technologies.

This white paper investigates practical remedies to increase voice in and access to AI governance and capabilities for the Global AI Majority, while addressing the security and commercial concerns of frontier AI states. We examine key barriers facing the Global AI Majority, including limited access to digital and compute infrastructure, power concentration in AI development, Anglocentric data sources, and skewed talent distributions. The paper also explores the dual-use dilemma of AI technologies and how it motivates frontier AI states to implement restrictive policies.

We evaluate a spectrum of AI development initiatives, ranging from domestic model creation to structured access to deployed models, assessing their feasibility for the Global AI Majority. To resolve governance dilemmas, we propose three key approaches: interest alignment, participatory architecture, and safety assurance…(More)”.

Local Systems

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

Position Paper by USAID: “…describes the key approaches USAID will use to translate systems thinking into systems practice. It focuses on ways USAID can better understand and engage local systems to support them in producing more sustainable results. Systems thinking is a mindset and set of tools that we use to understand how systems behave and produce certain results or outcomes. Systems practice is the application of systems thinking to better understand challenges and strengthen the capacity of local systems to unlock locally led, sustained progress. The shift from systems thinking to systems practice is driven by a desire to integrate systems practice throughout the Program Cycle and increase our capacity to actively and adaptively manage programming in ways that recognize complexity and help make our programs more effective and sustainable.

These approaches will be utilized alongside and within the context of USAID’s policies and guidance, including technical guidance for specific sectors, as well as evidence and lessons learned from partners around the world. Systems thinking is a long-standing discipline that can serve as a powerful tool for understanding and working with local systems. It has been a consistent component of USAID’s decades-long commitment to locally led development and humanitarian assistance. USAID uses systems thinking to better understand the complex and interrelated challenges we confront – from climate change to migration to governance – and the perspectives of diverse stakeholders on these issues. When we understand challenges as complex systems – where outcomes emerge from the interactions and relationships between actors and elements in that system – we can leverage and help strengthen the local capacities and relationships that will ultimately drive sustainable progress…(More)”.

Social Systems Evidence

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

About: “…a continuously updated repository of syntheses of research evidence about the programs, services and products available in a broad range of government sectors and program areas (e.g., climate action, community and social services, economic development and growth, education, environmental conservation, education, housing and transportation) as well as the governance, financial and delivery arrangements within which these programs, services and products are provided, and the implementation strategies that can help to ensure that these programs, services and products get to those who need them. 

The content covers the Sustainable Development Goals, with the exceptions of the health part of goal 3 (which is already well covered by existing databases).

The types of syntheses include evidence briefs for policy, overviews of evidence syntheses, evidence syntheses addressing questions about effectiveness, evidence syntheses addressing other types of questions, evidence syntheses in progress (i.e., protocols for evidence syntheses), and evidence syntheses being planned (i.e., registered titles for evidence syntheses). Social Systems Evidence also contains a continuously updated repository of economic evaluations in these same domains…(More)”

We are Developing AI at the Detriment of the Global South — How a Focus on Responsible Data Re-use Can Make a Difference

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

Article by Stefaan Verhulst and Peter Addo: “…At the root of this debate runs a frequent concern with how data is collected, stored, used — and responsibly reused for other purposes that initially collected for…

In this article, we propose that promoting responsible reuse of data requires addressing the power imbalances inherent in the data ecology. These imbalances disempower key stakeholders, thereby undermining trust in data management practices. As we recently argued in a report on “responsible data reuse in developing countries,” prepared for Agence Française de Development (AFD), power imbalences may be particularly pernicious when considering the use of data in the Global South. Addressing these requires broadening notions of consent, beyond current highly individualized approaches, in favor of what we instead term a social license for reuse.

In what follows, we explain what a social license means, and propose three steps to help achieve that goal. We conclude by calling for a new research agenda — one that would stretch existing disciplinary and conceptual boundaries — to reimagine what social licenses might mean, and how they could be operationalized…(More)”.

AI in Global Development Playbook

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

USAID Playbook: “…When used effectively and responsibly, AI holds the potential to accelerate progress on sustainable development and close digital divides, but it also poses risks that could further impede progress toward these goals. With the right enabling environment and ecosystem of actors, AI can enhance efficiency and accelerate development outcomes in sectors such as health, education, agriculture, energy, manufacturing, and delivering public services. The United States aims to ensure that the benefits of AI are shared equitably across the globe.

Distilled from consultations with hundreds of government officials, non-governmental organizations, technology firms and startups, and individuals from around the world, the AI in Global Development Playbook is a roadmap to develop the capacity, ecosystems, frameworks, partnerships, applications, and institutions to leverage safe, secure, and trustworthy AI for sustainable development.

The United States’ current efforts are grounded in the belief that AI, when developed and deployed responsibly, can be a powerful force for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and addressing some of the world’s most urgent challenges. Looking ahead, the United States will continue to support low- and middle-income countries through funding, advocacy, and convening efforts–collectively navigating the complexities of the digital age and working toward a future in which the benefits of technological development are widely shared.

This Playbook seeks to underscore AI as a uniquely global opportunity with far-reaching impacts and potential risks. It highlights that safe, secure, and trustworthy design, deployment, and use of AI is not only possible but essential. Recognizing that international cooperation and multi-stakeholder partnerships are key in achieving progress, we invite others to contribute their expertise, resources, and perspectives to enrich and expand this framework.

The true measure of progress in responsible AI is not in the sophistication of our machines but in the quality of life the technology enhances. Together we can work toward ensuring the promise of AI is realized in service of this goal…(More)”

Making the Global Digital Compact a reality: Four steps to establish a responsible, inclusive and equitable data future.

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

Article by Stefaan Verhulst: “In September of this year, as world leaders assemble in New York for the 78th annual meeting of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, they will confront a weighty agenda. War and peace will be at the forefront of conversations, along with efforts to tackle climate change and the ongoing migration crisis. Alongside these usual topics, however, the gathered dignitaries will also turn their attention to digital governance.

In 2021, the UN Secretary General proposed that a Global Digital Compact (GDC) be agreed upon that would “outline shared principles for an open, free and secure digital future for all”. The development of this Compact, which builds on a range of adjacent work streams at the UN, including activities related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), has now reached a vital inflection point. After a wide-ranging process of consultation, the General Assembly is expected to ratify the latest draft of the Digital Compact, which contains five key objectives and a commitment to thirteen cross-cutting principles. We have reached a rare moment of near-consensus in the global digital ecosystem, one that offers undeniable potential for revamping (and improving) our frameworks for global governance.

The Global Digital Compact will be agreed upon by UN Member States at the Summit of the Future at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, establishing guidelines for the responsible use and governance of digital technologies. 

The growing prominence of these objectives and principles at the seat of global governance is a welcome development. Each is essential to developing a healthy, safe and responsible digital ecosystem. In particular, the emphasis on better data governance is a step forward, as is the related call for an enhanced approach for international AI governance. Both cannot be separated: data governance is the bedrock of AI governance.

Yet now that we are moving toward ratification of the Compact, we must focus on the next crucial—and in some ways most difficult – step: implementation. This is particularly important given that the digital realm faces in many ways a growing crisis of credibility, marked by growing concerns over exclusion, extraction, concentrations of power, mis- and disinformation, and what we have elsewhere referred to as an impending “data winter”.

Manifesting the goals of the Compact to create genuine and lasting impact is thus critical. In what follows, we explore four key ways in which the Compact’s key objectives can be operationalized to create a more vibrant, responsive and free global digital commons…(More)”.

Building LLMs for the social sector: Emerging pain points

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

Blog by Edmund Korley: “…One of the sprint’s main tracks focused on using LLMs to enhance the impact and scale of chat services in the social sector.

Six organizations participated, with operations spanning Africa and India. Bandhu empowers India’s blue-collar workers and migrants by connecting them to jobs and affordable housing, helping them take control of their livelihoods and future stability. Digital Green enhances rural farmers’ agency with AI-driven insights to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods. Jacaranda Health provides mothers in sub-Saharan Africa with essential information and support to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes. Kabakoo equips youth in Francophone Africa with digital skills, fostering self-reliance and economic independence. Noora Health teaches Indian patients and caregivers critical health skills, enhancing their ability to manage care. Udhyam provides micro-entrepreneurs’ with education, mentorship, and financial support to build sustainable businesses.

These organizations demonstrate diverse ways one can boost human agency: they help people in underserved communities take control of their lives, make more informed choices, and build better futures – and they are piloting AI interventions to scale these efforts…(More)”.

When A.I. Fails the Language Test, Who Is Left Out of the Conversation?

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

Article by Sara Ruberg: “While the use of A.I. has exploded in the West, much of the rest of the world has been left out of the conversation since most of the technology is trained in English. A.I. experts worry that the language gap could exacerbate technological inequities, and that it could leave many regions and cultures behind.

A delay of access to good technology of even a few years, “can potentially lead to a few decades of economic delay,” said Sang Truong, a Ph.D. candidate at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at Stanford University on the team that built and tested a Vietnamese language model against others.

The tests his team ran found that A.I. tools across the board could get facts and diction wrong when working with Vietnamese, likely because it is a “low-resource” language by industry standards, which means that there aren’t sufficient data sets and content available online for the A.I. model to learn from.

Low-resource languages are spoken by tens and sometimes hundreds of millions of people around the world, but they yield less digital data because A.I. tech development and online engagement is centered in the United States and China. Other low-resource languages include Hindi, Bengali and Swahili, as well as lesser-known dialects spoken by smaller populations around the world.

An analysis of top websites by W3Techs, a tech survey company, found that English makes up over 60 percent of the internet’s language data. While English is widely spoken globally, native English speakers make up about 5 percent of the population, according to Ethnologue, a research organization that collects language data. Mandarin and Spanish are other examples of languages with a significant online presence and reliable digital data sets.

Academic institutions, grass-roots organizations and volunteer efforts are playing catch-up to build resources for speakers of languages who aren’t as well represented in the digital landscape.

Lelapa AI, based in Johannesburg, is one such company leading efforts on the African continent. The South African-based start-up is developing multilingual A.I. products for people and businesses in Africa…(More)”.

Mapping the Landscape of AI-Powered Nonprofits

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

Article by Kevin Barenblat: “Visualize the year 2050. How do you see AI having impacted the world? Whatever you’re picturing… the reality will probably be quite a bit different. Just think about the personal computer. In its early days circa the 1980s, tech companies marketed the devices for the best use cases they could imagine: reducing paperwork, doing math, and keeping track of forgettable things like birthdays and recipes. It was impossible to imagine that decades later, the larger-than-a-toaster-sized devices would be smaller than the size of Pop-Tarts, connect with billions of other devices, and respond to voice and touch.

It can be hard for us to see how new technologies will ultimately be used. The same is true of artificial intelligence. With new use cases popping up every day, we are early in the age of AI. To make sense of all the action, many landscapes have been published to organize the tech stacks and private sector applications of AI. We could not, however, find an overview of how nonprofits are using AI for impact…

AI-powered nonprofits (APNs) are already advancing solutions to many social problems, and Google.org’s recent research brief AI in Action: Accelerating Progress Towards the Sustainable Development Goals shows that AI is driving progress towards all 17 SDGs. Three goals that stand out with especially strong potential to be transformed by AI are SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG 4 (Quality Education), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). As such, this series focuses on how AI-powered nonprofits are transforming the climate, health care, and education sectors…(More)”.

Protecting Policy Space for Indigenous Data Sovereignty Under International Digital Trade Law

Curated on Posted on by Stefaan Verhulst

Paper by Andrew D. Mitchell and Theo Samlidis: “The impact of economic agreements on Indigenous peoples’ broader rights and interests has been subject to ongoing scrutiny. Technological developments and an increasing emphasis on Indigenous sovereignty within the digital domain have given rise to a global Indigenous data sovereignty movement, surfacing concerns about how international economic law impacts Indigenous peoples’ sovereignty over their data. This Article examines the policy space certain governments have reserved under international economic agreements to introduce measures for protecting Indigenous data or digital sovereignty (IDS). We argue that treaty countries have secured, under recent international digital trade chapters and agreements, the benefits of a comprehensive economic treaty and sufficient regulatory autonomy to protect Indigenous data sovereignty…(More)”